About the Journal The Journal of Development Perspectives is a double-blind peer-reviewed research journal, established in 2024 and published biannually by Fast & Advanced Research in Academia for Human Sustainability in Pakistan. Managed independently by its editorial board and advisory board, which includes prominent national and international faculty members, the journal focuses on topics in social sciences, arts, and humanities. Its primary goal is to disseminate reliable knowledge and high-quality research to academic researchers, policymakers, and business practitioners. The journal aims to become a leading and globally recognized source in contemporary social sciences, arts, and humanities. Aims & Scope The Journal of Development Perspectives is a bi-annual, peer-reviewed open-access journal published by Fast & Advanced Research in Academia for Human Sustainability. It focuses on research in the fields of humanities and social sciences, including anthropology, economics, business education, education, sociology, tourism and hospitality, and psychology. The journal invites contributions from researchers, scholars, and academicians in social sciences, arts, and humanities. Peer Review and Ethical Guidelines The ethical guidelines of the Journal Of Development Perspectives are based on COPE’s Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors. The publication process is essential for knowledge improvement and maintaining high standards of quality. To ensure ethical conduct, clear responsibilities are outlined for authors, editors, and reviewers involved in the publication process. Duties of Authors: 1. Reporting Standards: Authors must present accurate and objective research findings with sufficient detail for replication. 2. Data Access and Retention: Authors should provide raw data for review and retain it post-publication. 3. Originality and Plagiarism: Authors must ensure their work is original and properly cite others' work. Plagiarism is unethical and unacceptable. 4. Avoiding Multiple Publications: Manuscripts should not be submitted to multiple journals simultaneously or duplicated in different publications. 5. Acknowledgment of Sources: All influential works must be cited, and information obtained confidentially should not be used without permission. 6. Authorship: Only those who contributed significantly to the study should be listed as authors; co-authors must approve the final manuscript. 7. Hazards and Human or Animal Subjects: Any unusual hazards and ethical compliance in the use of human or animal subjects must be clearly stated. 8. Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest: Authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest and financial support. 9. Correcting Errors: Authors should promptly correct significant errors in published works. Duties of Editors: 1. Publication Decisions: Editors decide on manuscript publication based on research quality, without bias. 2. Fair Play: Manuscripts are evaluated for intellectual content, without discrimination. 3. Confidentiality: Editors must keep submitted manuscripts confidential. 4. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest: Unpublished material must not be used for personal gain, and editors should avoid handling papers where a conflict of interest exists. 5. Investigations: Editors must address ethical complaints with due diligence and cooperation. Duties of Reviewers: 1. Contribution to Decisions: Reviewers help editors make publication decisions and provide feedback to authors. 2. Promptness and Confidentiality: Reviewers should promptly review manuscripts and maintain confidentiality. 3. Standards of Objectivity and Acknowledgment of Sources: Reviews should be objective, and reviewers must call out unacknowledged work. 4. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest: Reviewers should not use unpublished material for personal gain and must avoid reviewing manuscripts where they have a conflict of interest. 5. Plagiarism Check: All articles are checked for plagiarism using Turnitin software to ensure originality. These guidelines uphold ethical standards in academic publishing and maintain the integrity of the scientific record. Article Structure & Formatting Authors submitting to the Journal Of Development Perspectives must ensure their manuscripts adhere to specific guidelines, which will be checked off during submission. Submissions not meeting these standards may be returned for revisions. Key Requirements: Originality: Manuscripts must not be previously published or under review elsewhere unless justified to the editor. File Format: Submissions must be in OpenOffice or Microsoft Word format. Article Structure: The manuscript must include the following sections: Title, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Result & Discussion, Conclusion, The implication of the Research and Limitation and Future Research Guide. Language and Length: Manuscripts should be in English, with an abstract of no more than 150 words, and the total text should range between 4,000 to 8,000 words including bibliography, tables, etc. Formatting: Use single spacing, a 12-point font, and italics instead of underlining (except for URLs). All figures, tables, and illustrations must be placed within the text as per APA style. Formatting should be in APA style. Blind Review Compliance: If submitting to a peer-reviewed section, authors must follow instructions to ensure a blind review by removing identifying information. Title Page: Include the title, author's name, position, institutional affiliation, contact details, and acknowledgments on the title page. For co-authors, provide their names, affiliations, and contact information. Figures, Tables, and Footnotes: These should be integrated within the text and should be easy to interpret without referring back to the text. Footnotes should be minimal and numbered consecutively. Research Instruments: If the research refers to questionnaires or instruments not fully included, the submission must indicate where these can be accessed. Hypotheses and Statistical Details: Hypotheses should be presented in a positive form, specifying expected results. Clearly state the application of statistical tests, and express statistical significance to the nearest percentage point (e.g., p < 0.04). Literature Citations: Use the APA latest edition for citations and manage references with software like Mendeley or EndNote. By adhering to these guidelines, authors ensure their manuscripts are prepared for a smooth review and publication process. Complaints Policy The Journal Of Development Perspectives is dedicated to delivering quality service and fostering trust and respect among all stakeholders. The journal aims to continuously improve by addressing complaints positively and correcting any mistakes. Stakeholders can send their inquiries, complaints, or suggestions to the email address JDP@obttain.com. All submissions will receive a response within 7 working days. Copyright & Licensing Copyright: The authors retain the copyright to their work. This means that while the journal has rights to publish the work first, the authors continue to hold the intellectual property rights over their content. Right of First Publication: The Journal of Development Perspectives has the exclusive right to publish the articles first. This prevents the same work from being published elsewhere before appearing in the journal. Open Access License: Articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Plagiarism Policy The statement describes the journal's policy on originality, plagiarism, and the use of a similarity check tool: 1. Originality Requirement: Authors must ensure that their works are entirely original. If they have used ideas, data, or words from other sources, they must properly cite or quote them to avoid plagiarism. 2. Definition of Plagiarism: Plagiarism is defined broadly and includes: o Presenting another's paper as one's own. o Copying or paraphrasing significant parts of another's work without giving proper credit. o Claiming results from research conducted by others. All these forms of plagiarism are considered unethical and unacceptable. 3. Screening for Similarity: The journal uses Turnitin, a tool for checking similarity, to screen every submitted article. To meet the journal's standards: o The overall similarity index (the total amount of content that matches other sources) must be less than 19%. o No single source should contribute more than 4% to the similarity index. This policy helps maintain academic integrity and ensures that all published articles are original and properly attribute any borrowed content. Article Retraction Policy Circumstances under which JDP will retract an article The Journal of Development Perspectives (JDP) is committed to maintaining scholarly integrity and will retract articles in the following cases: • Major Scientific Errors: Significant errors, whether due to misconduct (e.g., data fabrication) or honest mistakes (e.g., miscalculations), that invalidate the article's conclusions. • Redundant Publication: The findings have been previously published without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification. • Ethical Issues: o Plagiarism: Use of another's ideas or words without appropriate credit, including content obtained through confidential peer review. o Inappropriate Authorship: Unethical practices, such as "guest" authorship without significant contribution. • Unethical Research: Reports of research that violate ethical standards, such as falsified data or improper treatment of subjects. These retraction policies uphold the journal's high ethical standards. Article Publication Charges Journal of Development Perspectives (JDP) does not require authors to pay any publication fees. Privacy Statement The names and email addresses provided on this journal site will be used solely for the purposes specified by this journal and will not be shared or used for any other purpose or by any other party. Open Access Policy This journal offers immediate open access to its content, based on the belief that freely sharing research with the public fosters a broader global exchange of knowledge. As an open access journal, all content is available at no cost to users or their institutions. Users are permitted to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without needing prior permission from the publisher or author. This aligns with the BOAI definition of open access.